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Heterogeneity was considerably reduced, with at most 29% of the heterogeneity explained by between-study differences (only for the main effect of efficacy).
Of these 10 significance tests, only the test for the main effect of efficacy was significant (z = 2.07, p = 0.039), and only for the random effects model including study #43.
Thus, there is some evidence of publication bias regarding the main effect of efficacy, which may mean that this estimate is biased (i.e., the true effect size is likely lower).
In line with the current theoretical state of the art we hypothesised to find evidence for a so-called simple effect of threat, in that threat is positively associated to behaviour under high efficacy (but not under low efficacy), and evidence for a simple effect of efficacy in that efficacy is positively associated to behaviour under high threat (but not under low threat).
There was no effect of threat when efficacy was low (d = −0.31, p = 0.061), but there was an effect when efficacy was high (d = 0.31, p = 0.036); and there was no effect of efficacy when threat was low (d = 0.07, p = 0.689), but there was an effect when threat was high (d = 0.71, p <0.0001).
Similar(55)
We also examined the added effect of response efficacy and self-efficacy on precautionary actions.
Relapse was defined either as a MADRS total score ≥22 at a single visit, or an unsatisfactory treatment effect (lack of efficacy), as judged by the local investigator.
The effect of the efficacy of the same platinum complexes (chloroterpyridine platinum) to amplify the effects of carbon ions was shown in vitro (Usami et al. 2008a).
30 A mixed model analysis was used to evaluate the effect of each efficacy variable over time and between groups.
In order to determine the effect of vaccine efficacy on seasonal patterns, we also simulated the model for similar scenarios when σ = 0.6.
During the majority of this pilot programme, patients selected were typically those who could not use established acute migraine medications due to intolerable side effects, lack of efficacy or inadequate efficacy or they had medical contraindications to the medicines.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com