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The theory allows minorities and others, including the disabled and the elderly, to prove illegal discrimination simply by showing that a practice has the effect of discriminating against them, even if they cannot prove intentional discrimination.
When they do, they have to show that the proposed change does not have the purpose or effect of discriminating against minority voters.
Critics have charged the cutbacks hurt musicians working in less lucrative genres and had the effect of discriminating against some ethnic minorities.
These were among the day's other highlights: Discrimination Suits In a potentially important civil rights case, the court agreed to decide whether individuals can sue state agencies for administering federal grants in a manner that has the effect of discriminating on the basis of race or national origin.
The effect of discriminating partition laser surface micro-texturing (LST) was investigated on engine comprehensive performance.
A covered jurisdiction has the burden of proving that the change does not have the purpose or effect of discriminating on the basis of race or language minority status; if the jurisdiction fails to meet this burden, the federal government will deny preclearance and the jurisdiction's change will not go into effect.
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While this has the detrimental effect of not discriminating between infants that were breastfed for a day and those that were breastfed for two years, it may have minimized some of the recall bias.
An analysis of the volume pinning forces is performed, with the purpose of discriminating the effects of the different kinds of defects.
Importantly, however, more naturalistic approaches are needed to elucidate the adaptive significance of environment-dependent variation of HPA reactivity and fearfulness in view of discriminating between effects reflecting adaptive plasticity, phenotypic mismatch and pathological outcomes, respectively.
They offer a way of characterising biological systems, measuring subtle effects of perturbations, discriminating between alternative hypotheses, making and testing predictions, and following changes over time.
Several reports have recently indicated a close correlation between the exposure of tumor cells to proteasome inhibitors, the induction of ER stress and cell death [3] [5] and it was hypothesized that the sensitization to ER stress could represent the primary effect of proteasome inhibitors discriminating this class of inhibitors from other therapeutics.
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