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This assumption is confirmed comparing the results presented at Figures 4a and 5a.The effect of cooperation, as an effective strategy to increase the bundle delivery probability, is even more pronounced in this routing protocol.
It is not important that all entities contribute the same effort, gain the same amount, or even have the same gain-to-cost ratio, but the effect of cooperation should bring advantage or gain to each cooperating entity.
In order to better perceive the effect of cooperation, we let R2 = 0 in Figure 7.
Endogeneity tests show that the French benchmark estimate may be somewhat biased in 2004 but not in 2008, which hints at a persistent gap in the effect of cooperation between France and Germany.
Additionally, when calculating a total effect from an indirect effect and a direct effect of "Cooperation with others outsides" on "Creativity of members", a total effect shows a positive value (Total effect: 0.18).
In "The effect of cooperation on localization systems using UWB experimental data" by D. Dardari et al., an extensive measurement campaign is described and the measured data are used to derive statistical ranging models based on TOA estimation in the presence of LOS and NLOS propagation conditions.
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Fitness effects of cooperation: The product of the cooperating C allele is supposed to be an excreted 'public good' molecule such as an exo-enzyme for extracellular food digestion.
We have tested the effect on cooperation of the supply of resources that are not acquired directly through public-goods cooperation: a positive relationship was observed for two bacterial social traits.
Cohen (1994) highlights that in-equities in participation based on gender, race, and ethnicity within cooperative groups should be a source of serious concern for those who recommend cooperative learning for heterogeneous settings and the effects of cooperation maybe far less desirable.
Carve-outs are designed to limit the potential anticompetitive effects of cooperation by alliance partners in hub-to-hub markets, where they provide overlapping nonstop service.
Through the lens of game theory, this paper examines the effects of cooperation attributes on the decision by SMEs to use joint patenting.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com