They make walking unnecessary; we circle them to get the same effect of chance excitement.
In designing and analyzing any clinical study, two issues related to patient heterogeneity must be remembered: the effect of chance, and the effect of bias.
Of course that was a reflection of both Cunningham and John Cage's interest in the effect of chance; I enjoyed the idea of life on the street of New York being like a giant chance procedure.
Lauterbach says that, in Auster's case, this is probably true, but not always to his benefit: "The themes in Paul's books haven't changed since when I first met him more than 20 years ago: he's still looking at the nature of fate; he's still looking at how events impact on a person; he's still looking at the effect of chance".
In a log-linear framework, agreement is specified by two components: one represents the effect of chance and the other represents the effect of rater agreement beyond chance.
Amongst inanimate substances, a clod, a pebble, a liquid drop might be; but never was a watch, a telescope, an organized body of any kind, answering a valuable purpose by a complicated mechanism, the effect of chance.
To test for the relative contributions of chance and adaptation, we assessed the effect of chance as the square root of the genetic variation so that the effects of chance and adaptation would be of the same units.
Previous work using evolutionary models has shown, counter-intuitively, that many patterns of change in cultural choices over time can be explained as random drift; i.e. the effect of chance on what happens to be copied, together with the occasional appearance of innovations [10] [12].
But owing to the low number of events, this distribution could reflect the effect of chance.
These excess risks were highly statistically significant and an effect of chance can be excluded.
