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And correspondingly, we should not underestimate the contractionary effect of a substantial currency appreciation.
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Two of the child characteristics were highly significant predictors of language outcomes on this test, and showed effects of a substantial magnitude.
If this legislation doesn't have the purpose of the effect of putting a substantial obstacle in front of women, what does?
In a recently published systematic review looking at the effect of INCSs, a substantial positive effect on patients' symptoms was found.
In dissent, Justice Clarence Thomas said the majority's approach "has the effect of treating a substantial number of state felonies as federal misdemeanors, even when they would result in federal felony convictions".
Interpreting the statute as prosecutors and police wished "would have the effect of rendering a substantial amount of otherwise lawful conduct illegal in Illinois," the court wrote.
As we held in Casey, an abortion regulation constitutes an undue burden if it "has the purpose or effect of placing a substantial obstacle in the path of a woman seeking an abortion of a nonviable fetus".
An "undue burden is shorthand for the conclusion that a state regulation has the purpose or effect of placing a substantial obstacle in the path of a woman seeking an abortion of a nonviable fetus".
In its opinion, which Justice Kennedy joined, the court said it would permit restrictions that did not impose an "undue burden," defined in the opinion as "a state regulation that has the purpose or effect of placing a substantial obstacle in the path of a woman seeking an abortion of a nonviable fetus".
An undue burden, the Court said, exists when "a state regulation has the purpose or effect of placing a substantial obstacle in the path of a woman seeking an abortion".
Critics of the law say it conflicts with the Supreme Court's 1992 decision in Planned Parenthood v. Casey, which ruled: "Unnecessary health regulations that have the purpose or effect of presenting a substantial obstacle to a woman seeking an abortion impose an undue burden on the right".
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com