Boosting productivity to counter the effects of a shrinking workforce will require a cultural revolution, especially in business.
The persistently high stocking pressures in communal areas especially around Lake Ngami are driven not only by large numbers of animals but also by the effects of a shrinking land base.
Fertility decline may initially boost economic performance in less developed countries because having fewer children frees up resources but over time the effects of a shrinking population will prevail everywhere.
It should have little effect on consumers, a shrinking share of Chase's business.
He said it was unlikely that incentives to encourage private investment would fully offset the effects of deleveraging and a shrinking working population.
And the antithesis of a shrinking violet.
Henderson presented the argument that "global warming, earthquakes, hurricanes, and other natural disasters are a direct effect of the shrinking numbers of pirates since the 1800s".
The classic concerns -- leaving home, fitting in, forming relationships, doing well, finding the right career -- have been complicated by more split families, more lifestyle choices, the alienating effects of technology, constant bombardment of information, a shrinking economy and mounting academic pressure.
One immediate effect of the shrinking Treasury debt market, economists say, is to make it tougher for the Federal Reserve Board to cool the economy because as it raises short-term interest rates, long-term rates are not rising in tandem.
The l1 penalty term has the effect of continuously shrinking the coefficients toward 0 as λ increases and, for λ sufficiently large it can be shown that some coefficients are set exactly to 0. Extending this to the abundance estimation problem requires that the above estimation procedure be repeated for each i, i = 1,..., n.
