[Fairhall N, Sherrington C, Cameron ID, Kurrle SE, Lord SR, Lockwood K, Herbert RD (2016) A multifactorial intervention for frail older people is more than twice as effective among those who are compliant: complier average causal effect analysis of a randomised trial. Journal of Physiotherapy 63: 40–44].
To augment the therapeutic effect of docetaxel/cisplatin, a randomised phase II study compared the combination docetaxel (75 mg m−2), cisplatin (75 mg m−2), and 5-FU (750 mg m−2) with docetaxel (85 mg m−2) and cisplatin (75 mg m−2) (Roth and Ajani, 2003).
Using a case-referent approach for the evaluation a three-year sample of neonatal deaths (450 cases) and randomly selected referents, 6% from the total population of live births (1120 referents), will allow to demonstrate an effect of the randomised intervention of 26% (OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.55-0.99).
Secondly, participating patients reported their side effects in the context of a randomised intervention study, but patients taking part in trials may under-report their symptoms [ 4].
We based our effect size on a randomised controlled trial of the intervention BGAT that showed the most conservative effect [ 16].
In future updates, we will perform sensitivity analyses to look at the effect of quasi-randomised versus truly randomised studies on primary outcomes.
In order to evaluate the effect of interventions randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were the best evidence.
As there was no significant difference in the treatment effect of the randomised agents in the EGF20001 trial, the baseline prognosis of patients would not have been modified by the treatment assignment.
We fitted a fractional polynomial model to assess the effect of randomised group over time, 16 using a nearly linear pre-transformation to reduce the influence of outliers after a fixed time point.
The effect of randomised groups on the odds of an event (transition) for each of the eight time intervals was tested simultaneously using a logistic regression model corresponding to Fienberg's continuation odds model for grouped survival times.
