Ontario's Health System Strategy Map (OHSS) articulates strategies for performance improvement through a series of hypothesized cause-and-effect linkages between the nine strategic themes, in order to demonstrate how the health system creates value for the population.
Kreitman and Wayne have proposed a selective model for intron presence associated with the deleterious effects of linkages between sites under selection, a phenomenon termed Hill-Robertson effect.
Ethiopia offers an excellent opportunity to study the effects and linkage between mantle dynamics and surface processes on landscape evolution.
Steven et al. [ 18] suggested that variation in sex-limited genes with pleiotropic effects and/or linkage between sex limited loci occurs in S. latifolia.
For trajectories with maximal frequency less than the threshold frequency, the effective selection coefficient σ ˜ i e (t k ) was set to zero for each t k, while the effects of linkage between these and other trajectories were ignored; i.e., σ i j (t k ) = 0, where max (q j 1 (t k ) ) < 1 / N σ j.
The study of the link between plant genetic variation and soil communities is still nascent and focuses on decomposer communities, but does show strong effects indicating potential strong linkages between these components [ 29].
The Environment Agency has adopted a weight-of-evidence approach because there are many components to consider in demonstrating the linkages between effects seen in fish and their causes.
Further, there is a dearth of studies that even attempt to investigate ecologically-relevant linkages between direct effects on plants and associated indirect effects on plant-dependent communities and population-level effects.
Our study also contributes to the emergent literature examining linkages between community effects and weight for age, as we found significant division-level effects for this measure of child malnutrition at age one.
Multilocus systems introduce additional issues such several alternative (meta)stable states [ 17, 18] and the Hill-Robertson effect describing that linkage between loci under selection will reduce the overall effectiveness of selection in finite populations [ 19, 20].
Studies on epizootics are encouraged where clear linkages between biological effects and exposure to chemical pollutants can be established.
