Sentence examples for effect is valid from inspiring English sources

These findings suggest that the improved performance of the CuPc/C60-based OSCs can be observed with UV-ozone-treated PEDOT PSS as the anode buffer layer, and this effect is valid for the PEDOT PSS film with different conductivities.

The effect is valid in both subgroups and there is no difference between the subgroups.

We also tested two hypotheses: (i) the Rapoport's altitudinal effect is valid for the Painae, and (ii) Bergmann's clines are present in spiny frogs.

For men, this is a result from protective effect for individuals above 50 years of age, while the protective effect is valid for all age groups for women.

The value of the interaction term shows that the hazard rate for couples in which both partners suffer from MD is lower compared to what could be expected from the combined main effects, and this effect is valid throughout the analysis.

The results for the interaction term show that the hazard rate for couples in which both partners suffer from MD is lower compared to what could be expected from the combined main effects, and this effect is valid throughout the analysis.

Both discrete and distributed models are valid for small transverse reinforcement separations, while distributed models that only consider the concrete cover effect are valid for large transverse reinforcement separations.

The same provisos about the approximation of an IV estimate to a population-averaged causal effect being valid only for small changes in the exposure and for IVs with a small effect on the exposure therefore apply equally for localized average causal effects.

Also, the structure of the matrix which is almost diagonal suggests that the assumed normality assumption on the random effects is valid.

If a large fraction of effects is valid, one would expect them to have similar values centered around the true causal effect, and therefore give rise to a peak in the histogram.

In addition, the low levels of tobacco exposure from partner smoking in non-smoking pregnant women in this cohort suggest that the use of partner's smoking as a negative control for investigating intrauterine effects is valid (40).