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The strain effect is manifested by the different average metal-metal bond lengths in bimetallic surfaces in comparison with those of the parent metal surfaces.
The exchange bias effect is manifested by the shifting and broadening of a magnetic hysteresis loop of a sample cooled under an applied field [1, 4, 5].
This effect is manifested by a relatively sharp increase in the critical resolved shear stress (CRSS) till the peak temperature for 1/2 <110] ordinary slip relative to <101] slip.
In diffusion experiments on PEO30RbI with the radiotracers 86Rb and 125I, the precipitation effect is manifested by anomalous features in the penetration profiles, however, without noticeable changes in their depth range.
The electronic effect is manifested by the oxygen ion exchange in the vicinity of the three-phase boundary similar to the electrochemical promotion mechanism, which is thermally self-induced in the case of Pt and Ru NPs deposited on SDC and YSZ.
To determine whether this effect is manifested by the action of GSK-3α in the liver, hepatocyte-specific GSK-3α KO animals were generated by crossing the GSK-3α floxed (C57BL/6/129 background) mice to a transgenic strain expressing Cre under the control of the albumin promoter (C57BL/6 background).
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This effect was manifested by a downregulation of respiratory chain components commensurate with decreased rates of oxygen consumption.
These effects are manifested by a change in the affinity for the substrate, fructose 6-phosphate (Fru-6-P), upon binding of the allosteric ligand.
Adenosine's anti-inflammatory effects are manifested by inhibition of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), IL-1 and IL-6 production [ 1- 3].
We found that embryonic and/or larval thermal experience has altered miRNA profiles during the development, and that long-term effects are manifested by differential miRNA expression in juvenile tissues.
The strongest effect is manifested on the individual level.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com