But lead-based paint in older housing remains a serious problem, and its grim neurological effects disproportionately affect the poor, particularly African-Americans, in older cities. Flint must be déjà vu all over again for Marc Edwards, the Virginia Tech professor.
Although Rift Valley fever is a disease that, through its wider societal effects, disproportionately affects vulnerable communities with poor resilience to economic and environmental challenge, Rift Valley fever virus has since its discovery in 1931 been neglected by major global donors and disease control programs.
Suddenly he stepped out and off balance: the effect was disproportionately colossal.
Our experience across a range of schools and further education colleges strongly suggests that this effect is disproportionately concentrated on pupils from BME and disadvantaged backgrounds.
Research suggests that the echo chamber effect is disproportionately a problem on the right, leading inhabitants to perceive a warped reality.
Rather, the law requires that if a test has the effect of disproportionately excluding minorities, then the skills it measures must be necessary to the job — a standard that the judge, Nicholas G. Garaufis, found the city did not meet.
They found evidence that the Legislature had intentionally discriminated against minority voters in drawing the districting map, and held that the photo ID law would have the effect of disproportionately suppressing minority voter turnout.
But Republicans also know they have a problem: many liberal Democrats are more than willing to return to the Clinton-era tax code, and to allow across-the-board spending cuts to take effect, which disproportionately affect the military, rather than compromise too much with Republicans after the strong Democratic showing in the elections.
Often called "indirect discrimination" (or, in American law, "disparate-impact" discrimination), this form is said to consist in actions, policies, or systems of rules that have the effect of disproportionately disadvantaging the members of a particular socially-salient group.
Fisher's rationale suggests that national or state level eugenic policies that sterilized the so-called biological and genetically unfit could have been racist in both design and effect by disproportionately targeting black Americans.
