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The result of this review showed that theoretical viewpoints on spatial effects of ICT on urban spatial structure can be categorized into four approaches: A) centralization effects; B) decentralization effects; C) dual effects (both centralization and decentralization); and D) low impact or no effects.
The net effect of decentralization is then peace preserving if decentralization is not accompanied with rising strength of regional parties and conflict productive otherwise.
Third, the effect of decentralization: What is clear is that, despite assertions to the contrary, decentralization initially brought no increase in "decision space" about human resources for health in the districts.
But the effect of decentralization is canceled or even reversed when indicators of bureaucratic quality are high.
Studies have examined the effect of decentralization on health outcomes.
What was the effect of decentralization on human resources for health at the district level?
It also assesses the effect of decentralization on management of human resources and the implications for the future.
Even though studies have examined the effect of decentralization on health outcomes, the focus of health outcome was on development of complication [ 13] and hence patients who did not develop complications but did not fully recover from their illness were not included in the analysis.
IT intensity and length of EDI use also positively moderated the effects of decentralization on EDI effectiveness.
Indirect effects of decentralization are assumed to be negative and to operate through the strength of regional parties.
The effects of decentralization on HRH at the local level need to be closely monitored in order to collect more evidence on what works and what does not.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com