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PCBs significantly activated ROCK activity by 30% or so, and this effect could be attenuated by a specific ROCK inhibitor, Y27632(Fig. 5A, n = 3, P<0.05).
For example, exposure to 0.2 ppm (0.4 mg/m) O3 has been reported to increase the efficiency of rhinovirus infection of respiratory epithelial cells from 41%to67%7%, and this effect could be attenuated by the use of anti-oxidants (Spannhake et al. 2002).
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Mass transfer effects could be attenuated by widening the carrier pores.
Some of these adverse effects could be attenuated by beta-adrenergic blockade, since this enables heart rate control [ 13] and limits adverse events related to sympathetic overstimulation [ 10].
Here, we demonstrated that COX-2 might drive intestinal tumorigenesis by up-regulating EGFR expression in familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) patients, an effect that could be attenuated by regular aspirin use.
Glutamate receptors in the spinal trigeminal nucleus seem to be involved in NO-sGC signalling in regard of both immediate neuronal effects [33] and transcriptional effects, which could be attenuated by the unspecific glutamate receptor inhibitor kynurenic acid [34].
Interestingly, the pro-metastatic effects of sunitinib could be attenuated in a breast cancer model by adopting a "condensed" drug schedule, in which a further higher dose (120 mg/kg) was administered for a shorter time before surgery.
Because soil microbial activity and metabolic diversity detected in specific rotations potentially contribute to soil aggregate formation and other soil properties intimately related with nutrient cycling and plant production, the negative effect of agricultural intensification could be attenuated by designing specific and more diverse crop rotations.
These beneficial effects of CB2R agonists could be attenuated by CB2R genetic deletion or inhibition.
Furthermore, the contrary effect of Wnt signaling on osteogenesis could be attenuated by pre-miR-17 or anti-miR-17.
This pro-proliferative effect of neutrophils on A549 cells could be attenuated by inhibition of neutrophil elastase activity, but not by oxygen radical neutralization.
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