In the spatially realistic Levins model, the two types of metapopulation capacities coincide, whereas the incidence function model possesses a strong Allee effect characterized by λI=0.
c In cancer cells gain-of-function of oncogenes and loss-of-function of tumor suppressor genes (such as MYC, HIF1α and TP53) results in altered metabolism, exemplified by the Warburg effect, characterized by high glucose consumption rates.
According to the interviews, a cascade effect characterized by the replacement of small vessels with large container carriers creates complexity, as shipping lines attempt to maintain limited ports of call due to high vessel operating costs and port infrastructure limitations.
Dragan's shooting style has been called "The Dragan Effect," characterized by particular high dynamic range (HDR) and retouching techniques which draw out the gritty details of skin, hair, clothes, and make-up.
Cif from pathogenic E. coli triggers an irreversible cytopathic effect characterized by cell cycle arrests at the G2/M and G1/S phase transitions and, at least in HeLa cells, reorganization of the actin network [3] [6].
This response induces a cardio-protector effect characterized by bradycardia and reduction of cardiac output [ 13].
Our data suggested that prolonged treatment with NAC is associated with a detrimental effect characterized by reduced NF-κB DNA binding.
The experimentally measured values of the TCA cycle flux exhibit, however, a stronger effect characterized by a decreasing tendency at high growth rates (Fig. 3).
In addition, five compounds (bepridil, desipramine, imipramine, thioridazine, and erythromycin) induced irregular beating as the primary effect, characterized by a "sinusoidal" fluctuation of twitch amplitudes (Supplemental Fig. 4a).
