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This migratory effect activated by paracrine TNF-alpha was inhibited by co-incubation with parthenolide.
Their action may not be detectable in the absence of a stressor and may only play a role as a moderating effect activated by risk or in response to adversity; analogous to an automobile airbag or an immune system response [ 10- 12].
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Results showed that disposition effects activated by the win/loss and the positive/negative commentaries significantly led readers to a higher level of hostility toward online sports commentators.
This model turns out to be particularly appropriate in the explication of problems connected to high velocity, since it evaluates both inertial and viscous effects activated by the moving load speed.
The finding that GLP1, by way of VIP release, executes neuroprotection on myenteric neurons highlights the possibility of additional beneficial effects activated by the use of GLP1 receptor stimulation to achieve better metabolic control in type 2 diabetes clinically.
The Bohr effect depends on an ateriovenous pH gradient sustained by respiratory acidosis (CO2), whereas the Root effect is activated by fixed acid (lactate) and, unless localized in specific retial tissues, may seriously compromise effective oxygen transport in hypoxic situations.
The shape memory effect is activated by increasing the temperature to TD>Tg, where the initial shape is recovered.
Upon entering the darkened room and striking a match, a video of a roaring fire (with amplified sound for added effect) is activated by the detection of the match's light.
The expression of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), which is known to have a pro-apoptotic effect, is activated by p38 MAPK as well as through the PERK signaling pathway [56], [57].
Bystander effects are activated by two intercellular signaling pathways: the medium-mediated pathway [ 3] and the gap junctional pathway [ 4].
Therefore, the apyrase may regulate the extracellular nucleotide concentration and, thus, modulate their biological effects when activated by P2Y and P2X receptors.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com