We explored potential confounders: parental age and education at offspring's birth, parental body mass index at cohort enrollment, birth order, gestational age and year of offspring's birth.
"Our evidence… supports the idea that reduced parental investment in children's education for offspring of later birth order contributed to the observed birth order vs myopia association," he said.
Of course, part of the story is that for high levels of education, the offspring is naturally constrained to increase its education further.
Abacus gives companies information on shoppers based on their buying history from big-ticket items to knickknacks–often with details about household income, education and offspring.
(DJN VI.2.2) Children supposedly assent to their subjection in order to survive, and because otherwise the beneficial ends of parenthood, which include the rearing, socializing, and civic education of offspring, cannot be attained.
Jingming Liu's study found that the influence of parental class on their children's schooling opportunities showed an opposite change: in survival-level education, the offspring of the dominant class experienced a clear decrease in comparative advantage, while for education leading to a rise in status, the relative advantage of the dominant class displayed an upward trend (Liu [2006]).
It is well-known that parental education determines offspring's education to a particular extent in Germany [26], [27].
Of the various socioeconomic factors, age above 36 years, basic and professional education, and offspring were significantly associated with HCMV IgG prevalence rates (PRs; 1.89, 1.80, and 1.56, respectively).
Similarly to other studies, no associations were found between the IgM prevalence rates and other risk factors, including education level, offspring, financial status, and the occupational risk of contact with children [ 24, 27, 47].
In the second stage, we used the bivariate multilevel models to derive associations of prepregnancy weight and GWG (exposures) with blood pressure change (outcome), adjusting for maternal height, age, parity, smoking, education, and offspring sex in model 1.
