There were no statistically significant differences between cases and controls for season of conception, sex, maternal age, and socioeconomic index (Table 1), but differences were seen for maternal smoking during first trimester and for maternal education: Mothers of cases had less education and smoked more frequently than did mothers of controls.
The education of injured cases differed between the coastal and mountain areas (p<0.001).
The income for non-responders was imputed using a hotdeck method, which replaced missing values based on key demographic values (i.e. age, gender and education) of other cases with no missing value.
In addition to key independent primary variables, we also considered BMI, housing status, and education level of cases and controls as potentially confounding variables.
Future interventions should target community education and improvement of case management at all the referral facilities including MNH.
As no direct evidence about the income and education of each reported case is available, it must be presumed that the personal level of social class, that is, level of education and income, is similar to that of the typical person living in that neighborhood.
JISC's Study of the effective use of social software in education includes case studies of the use of Facebook to support student induction, use of virtual environments like Second Life, photo sharing applications (Flickr), Google Earth and more.
The output elasticities of education in the case of adopters of modern varieties are 0.019, 0.048, and 0.036, respectively, in the first three model specifications while they are 0.004, 0.010, and 0.016 for non-adopters, respectively.
The influence of a woman's educational level becomes irrelevant or even disappears when we include the husband's level of education, in the case of legal separation, or the parents' level in the case of union formation.
We recommended application of preventive measures, including water disinfection, safe disposal of excreta, community health education, and the strengthening of case management and disease surveillance.
