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In the analyses the variable was entered as a categorical variable: low educational level = less than 7 years of education, medium educational level = 7 9 years of education and high educational level = up to 12 years or university/college.
We adjusted for (maternal or paternal) age at first birth (using a linear term), year of first birth (using a linear term), education (stratified into: did not complete high school (low level), completed high school (14 years' education; medium), educated beyond high school (high)).
Education levels were categorised as low (no schooling, incomplete primary education and primary education), medium (3 or 4 years of secondary education) and high (college and university education).
Education was categorized into three groups (low: illiterate or having only primary school education; medium: high school or secondary school education in technique; and high: university or junior college education).
All of the following maternal characteristics were collected from the BC database: educational level (high - university level: ≥16 years of education; medium - secondary level: 13-16 years of education, low level: <13 years of education), maternal age (five-year age groups), nationality (non-Italians vs Italians, based on citizenship), and parity (nulliparous vs multiparous women).
Education was measured as self-reported level of education, according to the International Standard Classification of Education ISCEDD): low (not more than 8 years of education), medium (from 9 to 13 years), and high (more than 13 years); the latter was used as the reference category.
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According to ISCO, low-skill occupations are matched with primary education, medium-skill with secondary and high-skill with tertiary education.
Socio-demographic variables included sex, age, marital status, education (low, medium, high), income (low, medium and high) and work status (employed vs. unemployed, volunteer, student, retired, or homemaker).
These schools were co education, English medium.
For the four different psychotropic drug types, specialized prescribing from geriatricians and psychiatrists was more common among persons with high education than medium and low education (P < 0.05).
Low SES was determined as parents having no higher education and medium to high SES as parents having higher education (vocational college, university or postacademic).
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