The annual value of ecosystem services was estimated at $8.3 billion and the urban forests asset value was $181 billion.
The total direct use value of ecosystem services was estimated in RMB to be approximately 538 million Yuan in 2005 (Chinese currency, 8.2 Yuan = US$1), of which agricultural products, forest products and tourism services accounted for 65%, 30 % and 5, respectively.
But evaluating "ecosystem services" -- estimated to be worth between $33 and $77 trillion globally -- is a double-edged sword.
Dr Petersen organises workshops around the world to educate communities about their coral reefs, which are a breeding ground for fish, support tourism and offer coastal protection from storms - ecosystem "services" worth an estimated $375bn per year to the global economy.
Without birds, we would lose 17 different ecosystem services whose worth is estimated between $16-54 16-54 trillionear worldwide.Without insect perlinators, we would have to resort to human pollinators using feathers and cigarette butts attached to sticks, as is now being done to apple trees in China.
These new estimates are significantly larger, indicating that the more we learn about ecosystem services the more comprehensive our estimates or their values become.
The UNEP supported Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity study estimates that ecosystem services lost to deforestation in China alone cost their economy about $12bn£7.5bnbn) annually between 1950 to 1998.
This article describes the use of benefit transfer to generate monetary value estimates of ecosystem services specifically.
The contingent valuation (CV) flexibility and strength to estimate total values allow estimates related to ecosystem services possible (Hanemann 1989, 1994).
A value transfer approach was performed to generate baseline estimates of the ecosystem services provided by wetlands, validating it through a meta-analysis of a database of wetland estimates, with northwest Mexico wetlands as case study.
