In this sense, by definition, the ethnic enclave constitutes a different form of economic adaptation (Wilson and Portes 1980).
Wilson and Portes (1980), on the basis of data from Cuban exiles who arrived in the United States in the early 1970s, identified ethnic enclaves as a distinct form of economic adaptation.
Actually, as the original concept recalls, the ethnic enclave is a different form of economic adaptation (Wilson and Portes 1980) which emerges to overcome hindrances in access to the mainstream labour market (Qadeer and Kumar 2006).
Fourth, where victims and bully/victims have been considered separately, bully/victims seem to show the poorest outcomes concerning mental health, economic adaptation, social relationships and early parenthood.
Horticultural, agricultural, and pastoral societies were not included because they represent recent economic adaptations.
The global obesity epidemic has occurred in the wake of major recent social, demographic, behavioral, and economic adaptations; of particular relevance are the widespread adoption of sedentary behaviors, reduced physical activity, and ready access to energy-dense, micronutrient-deficient (eg, low iodine, iron, zinc, and vitamin A content) foods.
After an exhaustive consideration of geometric features and indices of environmental, socio-economic adaptation, the upgrading strategies are examined and eventually overruled one by one, finally leading to the optimum alternative.
Combined with archaeobotanical and archaeological data from well-dated settlements along the Conquezuela Ambrona Valley we investigate how environmental conditions may affect both socio-economic adaptations and livelihood strategies of prehistoric communities.
Furthermore, the social, cultural, and economic adjustment required during the process of adaptation can be stressful.
The sooner the patient returns to a daily routine, the greater is the chance of socio-economic re-adaptation [13].
A basic feature of Barth's analysis (ignored or played down by many readers) is his distinction between the organizational level of nomadic camps and sub-tribal communities, which are economic-ecological adaptations to the local demands of pastoralism, and the political level of tribes, confederacies and chiefs, geared to relations with local and state-level government.
