We then identified key impact indicators for different activities based on the recreation ecology literature.
Based on sketched locations of the, according to 38 respondents, most important ES at the local scale, we describe the perceived ES distribution with social landscape metrics (abundance, diversity, richness, risk, rarity) based on traditional landscape ecology indicators.
For this purpose, local expert knowledge on stream ecology is first used to establish a Critical-Flow-Calendar (CFC) depicting the typical periods for different types of stream flow being most critical to the selected ecological indicator.
The method of systems accounting as a combination of process and input output analyses in context of systems ecology is introduced to account the embodied energy as one of the most important ecological indicators of constructed wetland.
A frequently used concept in ecology is the analysis of indicator species (or other taxonomic levels) that are associated to a specific habitat or disturbance state and, therefore, "better ecological indicators of environmental change than a habitat generalist" (Cáceres and Legendre 2009).
The monophyly of the rhizomatous Clade SVLB suggests a single evolutionary origin of the adaptation to the cave-like limestone microhabitats, and shows that ecology is good indicator of taxonomic relationships than traditional morphological characters used to defined sections.
The Biopotentiality Index is a landscape ecology indicator, which can be used to estimate the latent energy of a given land and to assess the environmental impacts due to the loss of naturalness on a landscape scale.
We also included landscape ecology metrics as improved indicators of the complex environmental effects of forest fragmentation.
Measuring biodiversity is a key issue in ecology to guarantee effective indicators of ecosystem health at different spatial and time scales.
We used a landscape ecology approach to calculate indicators of ecosystem diversity, cover and forest fragmentation such as number of patches, mean patch size, mean shape index and mean nearest neighbour distance.
