However, adaptive radiations can also contain a hierarchy of differentiation nested within them where species display only subtle phenotypic differences that still have substantial effects on ecology, function, and ultimately fitness.
Evidence is mounting that in addition to acting as social refuges and foraging grounds for large visiting marine predators, seamounts may also support pelagic ecology by functioning as cleaning stations for oceanic sharks and rays.
It was also speculated that "Westernized" microbial ecology may function as a predisposing factor for obesity.
Therefore, burgeoning literature on campo rupestre will benefit from long-term multi- and trans-disciplinary research investigating a wide array of topics, from plant ecology to ecosystem functioning to biodiversity conservation and ecological restoration.
Let's drop the old line about capitalism's being an amoral subset of Darwin's theory and Emerson's jungle: a somehow functioning ecology of individual greed and violence.
A further area where eDNA metabarcoding is proving useful is in understanding the extent, ecology and ecosystem functioning consequences of microbial invasions (Litchman 2010; Shade et al. 2012).
Those left alone, even in the poorest areas, have coherence, and functioning ecologies of high streets and homes.
Research themes range widely and include the interplay of atmosphere and ocean on elemental cycles and climatic changes, diversity and function of marine microbes, patterns of extinction and speciation in the fossil record, the biomechanics of marine organisms, the distribution of marine organisms and their evolutionary relationships, and the ecology and functioning of marine ecosystems.
Our comparative review on the adaptive responses of trees to flooding in four tropical freshwater floodplains of different continents demonstrates that substantial data about the floodplain tree flora, its ecology and functioning are lacking.
