Three information-processing components (memory, communications, and modifications) are placed in the context of system ecology, drawing parallels with ecological memory, ecological interactions and ecological modifications.
EF analysis can show whether a country is living within the biocapacity of its own territory or whether it is an "ecological debtor," drawing on the ecological "capital" of other parts of the world.
An ecological study drew attention to vehicle type, noting increased risks of crashes involving buses and open-back utility vehicles compared with cars [ 40].
In general, PNG studies involved larger study samples (up to 5772) including three ecological studies drawing on the national road crash database [ 38- 40].
This model, based on the social ecological framework, draws on a range of social and behavioral theories to explicate the pathways by which social context may influence health behaviors.
The ecological metaphor draws attention to the 'spaces' and boundaries of biomedical science - their complexities, pathways, and disruptive influences - allowing exploration of how global innovation works on different levels at particular sites, be they laboratories, regions or transnational networks [ 75, 76].
Contemporary practice in the conservation of socio-ecological landscapes draws on both a model of responsive management, and also on ideas about historic management.
There is also a risk of ecological fallacy of drawing conclusions about individual level outcomes based on aggregated social factors.
This paper reviews some of the well-known ecological principles by drawing examples from both temperate and tropical mixed-species plantations.
Cobb and Birch argue instead for an "ecological model" which draws no sharp lines between the living and non-living, or between an organism and its environment.
Managers of 57 % of sites had done, or were aware of, a "simple" vulnerability assessment for the site (either a basic assessment for the site itself based on general ecological principles, or drawing information from external assessments done for nearby sites or for the overall area in which the site was located).
