Ecological conflicts can arise, not just between the eater and the eaten, but between two species that play the same role in an ecosystem (e.g., eater vs. eater).
Saleem H. Ali is an environmental planner whose research and practice focuses on ways of resolving ecological conflicts through technical and social mechanisms, as well as exploring novel ways of peace-building between corporations, governments and communities.
Socio-ecological conflicts concentrate on access to resources, affordable living, and livelihood improvement.
For a generation now, scholars and theatre directors have probed "The Tempest" for its insights on European colonial expansion, shifting Renaissance gender roles, ecological change, and conflicting views of magic.
Unlike McCarthy, Oates shies away from polemic but still criticises bureaucratic modern conservation and highlights the paradox of conservationists seeking to manage "small isolated places for whole suites of species with diverse and even conflicting ecological requirements, and... continually trying to arrest successional change and freeze a place into a time capsule".
There was one exception: the clearing of the river grove in the Ljusnan Voxnan system, which, most likely, would not have been implemented today due to conflicting ecological aspects, mainly related to regulations according to the EU Water Framework Directive.
In contrast, the integration of food and energy crop production systems at the farm to landscape scale has greater potential for ecological intensification, although conflicts with traditional nature conservation targets may arise.
In this respect, the persistence of potentially ambiguous definitions of restoration activities and success (by practitioners), conflicting ecological theories (by academics) and a lack of clear guidelines (by regulators) has created some uncertainty about which parameters are the most important for determining the nature of ecological resilience and long-term stability.
Indigenous peoples have proven this notion wrong, but the widespread conviction that colonial policies and the large-scale changes they initiated globalization, urbanization, ecological change, religio-ethnic conflict, and others would disrupt long-standing ties between specific peoples and places has indeed been proven correct.
Spiritual leadership is the call to rectify all of the problems that plague humanity right now, whether it's radical poverty or social injustice or war or conflict or ecological devastation -- and not at the level at which they were created, but from this deeper level where we cannot help but bring light where there is darkness.
