Whatever its stark human and ecological costs, its achievements were also highly visible.
So, to adjust Costanza et al.'s (1997) value coefficients, Xie et al. (2003) constituted the equivalent value per unit area of ecosystem services for Chinese terrestrial ecosystem based on questionnaire investigation from about 200 ecological scholars and some achievements (Table 1).
Sustainable development refers to the achievement of both ecological and socio-economic objectives over a relevant time period.
This article, based on research conducted on controlling mountain hazard on the Xiaojiang River basin over the last 30 years, summarizes the managerial achievement of typical ecological engineering technologies and analyzes the principles and application of each type of treatment.
The main objective of the European Water Framework Directive (WFD) is the achievement of a good ecological and chemical status of the water environment (water bodies).
The achievement of the good ecological status of surface waters has become obligatory due to the European Water Framework Directive in all European countries.
Consequently, outstanding achievements have been acquired in ecological environmental protection.
The achievements of the applications of ecological modeling to population dynamics, evolutionary and behaviour ecology, global climate change, ecotoxicology, conservation of biodiversity, sustainable use of biological resources and ecological engineering, and space analysis of ecological data are reviewed.
Poland has significant achievements in the field of ecological education, but the educational framework, methods, and techniques of landscape education are only in the initial phase (Chmielewski 2012).
