Exact(3)
Nor do we imply that conclusions drawn from epidemiologic analysis somehow invalidate those derived from other systems of ecologic monitoring.
Ecologic monitoring for YFV is extremely difficult and expensive and has rarely been implemented for the vast area of the Amazon River Basin.
Environmental and ecologic monitoring data such as dust levels, market basket surveys, and fish and wildlife surveys can help to identify sources of exposure and shed light on where research should be focused.
Similar(57)
Monitoring complex environmental systems is extremely challenging because it requires environmental professionals to capture impacted systems' governing processes, elucidate human and ecologic risks, limit monitoring costs, and satisfy the interests of multiple stakeholders (e.g., site owners, regulators, and public advocates).
By using monitoring data, ecologic studies can estimate potential ambient exposures that do not lend themselves to subject recall.
One approach that is emerging quickly uses global position systems (GPS) to monitor the locations of activities, and incorporates ecologic momentary assessments to reveal valuable new insights about participants' activities (e.g., smoking, physical activity) in relation to contexts and their locations.
Relevant health indicators and disease bur-den represent results from surveillance and monitoring that show the status and trends of both ecologic and human health.
An ecologic study examined the air pollutant levels measured at the Colombo Fort monitoring station and rates of hospital attendance for wheezing needing emergency treatment at the Lady Ridgeway Hospital for Children in Colombo.
A widely used design consists of cross-sectional or cohort studies in which ecologic assignment of exposure, based on a fixed-site ambient monitor, is employed.
In addition to baseline and trend data monitoring, this approach could also be used for generating data for ecologic level analyses.
In addition, several ecologic studies have reported negative correlations between measures of sunlight exposure (based on latitude, regional monitoring data, or acid haze) and breast cancer incidence (Grant 2010; Mohr et al. 2008) or mortality (Garland et al. 1990; Gorham et al. 1989; Grant 2002, 2010).
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