In conjunction with ecological service, in this study a definition for water eco-service is proposed, as well as a novel model designed for water eco-service assessment and compensation in a coal mining region based on the complex ecosystem theory.
As a case study, the model was applied to assess the impact of coal mining on local water eco-service, economy, and society in the Mentougou District through cost benefit analysis.
In cooperation with the local city government, an ecological landuse change assessment and eco-city planning project has been carried out with a focus on the assessment, restoration and enhancement of the wetland as an eco-service to the community.
On the other hand, human beings do not always destroy nature, but in fact can play a beneficial role through ecological design, engineering and management – activities which could be considered as the human eco-service contribution to nature.
The results show that Eco-service oriented land use Management (EOM) urban expansion scenario is more beneficial, its complex ecological benefits index reaches 0.78, higher than the other expansion scenarios.
The results show that water eco-service in the coal mining region of Mentougou has been damaged in four aspects (resource, environment, habitat, and disaster) with the damage valued at $5.54 million.
The ecological costs of open pit metal mining are quantified, which include lost value of direct eco-services, lost value of indirect eco-services, prevention and restoration costs, and cost of carbon emission from energy consumption.
The urban ecological infrastructure, mainly consist of urban landscape, provides the eco-services for the development of society and economy.
Other greens say countries should be paid for providing "eco-services"—like biodiversity and not just for avoiding destruction.But even if the effect of "cash for non-deforestation" is short-term, it is worth having: it could buy time to develop non-fossil fuels.In any case, Brazil is already making progress.
It could be identified to adhere to combine the exploitation and utilization, remediation and protection for land to promote the effective circulation of land eco-system, and meet the society's preferences for land ecosystem service function by adjusting the use of multiple eco-services.
