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Means (standard deviations) of exhaled carbon monoxide (eCO) values registered in laboratory A and B (environmental eCO level 0.8 and 1.7 ppm, respectively).
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Although eCO levels were weakly but significantly correlated with 24-hour CO concentrations, we found a significant difference in eCO levels between urban and rural participants.
In particular, B&K displayed higher values than PiCO+ at low eCO levels and lower values at high eCO levels; measures were practically equivalent in the interval between 20 and 40 pm.
It has been also utilized in many studies that investigated eCO levels in respiratory diseases [ 8, 9, 11 – 18 ].
Table 1 reports some examples of eCO levels in smoking healthy subjects and patients with significant issues.
In our study, since we measured eCO immediately before and after cooking in rural households, we were able to capture eCO levels within this critical window.
Recently, a photo acoustic spectrometer was utilized to investigate the influence of hypoventilation and hyperventilation on eCO levels in a group of healthy volunteers [ 22].
In this regard, alveolar inhomogeneities about CO content are probably negligible to detect smoking habit because smokers present increased eCO levels throughout the expiration.
While urban participants were slightly older than rural participants, we do not believe that this affected the differences in eCO levels.
The Bland-Altman plot showed that the relationship between difference and mean is not linear and that the gap was dependent on eCO levels.
We saw a significant difference in eCO levels between urban and rural participants, but did not observe a significant difference before as compared to after cooking.
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