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The participant was positioned in the supine position and the following scans were performed: 1) sagittal T1 images from vertebra T12 to the sacrum (repetition time 670 ms, echo time to echo 12 ms, slice thickness 4 mm); 2) sagittal T2 images from vertebra T12 to the sacrum (repetition time 3000 3600 ms, echo time 87 114 ms, slice thickness 4 mm).
The 2D HASTE readout uses a short echo time to visualise the lung parenchyma; however, prior to the data acquisition a non-selective inversion pulse is applied followed by an inversion delay TI to impart an additional T1 contrast on the HASTE image.
In most previous studies [ 9- 19, 21], ocular AL was measured by A-scan ultrasonography, which measures echo time to determine intraocular distances.
MRS data were acquired with 720-ms TR, using an optimized radiofrequency pulse centered between γ- and α-ATP peaks for uniform excitation of the spectrum, and ultrashort echo time to minimize T2 effects and first order phase artifacts.
The signal intensity of this region will be measured for each image using QMass V.7.6, MEDIS software, and will then be plotted against the echo time to form an exponential decay curve.
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The scan parameters were as follows: 15 to 19 slices, 4 mm slice thickness, 0.4 mm interslice gap, field of view 280 to 300 mm, repetition time 423 to 450 milliseconds, echo time 12 to 13 milliseconds, echo train length 3, and matrix 512 × 256 pixels.
The slope of natural logarithm of signal intensity versus echo time equals to relaxation rate R2∗ which is positive correlation with the concentration of deoxyhemoglobin.
The general scan parameters for DTI were as follows: a repetition time to echo time ratio of 5,443/70; a 128 × 128 acquisition matrix; a field of view of 224 × 224 mm; and a slice thickness of 3 mm with no gap.
This longer echo time was used to accommodate the large matrix size.
The pulse sequence was performed with a view field between 400 and 420 mm, repetition time of 350 milliseconds, echo time from 9 to 11 milliseconds, two signal acquisitions, and matrix of reconstruction of 256 × 256.
Some applications, such as diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) at high magnetic fields, would benefit from RF pulses that can provide greater B1 insensitivity while adhering to echo time and specific absorption rate (SAR) limits.
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