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All echocardiographic (ECHO) examinations were performed by one examiner, who knew the clinical diagnosis but was unaware of the severity of hypertension and the effectiveness of treatment.
By protocol echo examinations or clinical EF assessments, 881 participants with HF were characterized as having abnormal or normal EF.
Nonetheless, in our experience, accuracy of visual LVEF grading and visual estimation of RV/LV size ratio were fairly good, even for trainees when compared with an experienced supervisor (correct grading achieved in 85% of cases for visual LVEF and in 92.5% of cases for visual estimation of RV/LV size ratio, after performing 30 echo examinations) [9].
Computed chest angiography showed incidental mild narrowing of the left pulmonary vein, which was not noticed in any of the ECHO examinations.
Randomly chosen echo examinations were reviewed by the echo core laboratory of the German Competence Network Heart Failure at the University of Essen for quality assurance.
Repeated ECHO examinations showed normal systemic and pulmonary venous drainage, thickened semilunar and tricuspid valve leaflets, and concentric left ventricular hypertrophy.
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Echo examination showed a dilated right coronary artery (RCA) originating from the ascending aorta; however, the origin of the LCA could not be determined.
However, no apparent abnormality was detected in B-mode echo examination.
The randomised patients underwent echo examination on three different occasions: at baseline, after 12 weeks, and after 24 weeks of CPAP treatment or placebo (sham CPAP).
All patients had an isolated secundum ASD with a mean left-to-right shunt (ratio of pulmonary to systemic blood flow [Qp:Qs] 2.84±1.9 (1.5 3.9) in echo examination.
The objective clinical status of the patients (cardiopulmonary exercise tests, echo examination) improved as well as their subjective opinions of their quality of life.
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