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Hence, one may conclude that low angle refocusing pulses not fulfilling the Hahn spin echo conditions are primarily responsible for significant deterioration of T1-weighted spin echo image contrast in high-field MRI.
We hypothesized that the sources of contrast loss could be attributed to low refocusing angles that do not fulfill the Hahn spin echo conditions or to magnetization transfer effects from adjacent slices in multislice imaging.
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However, the primary result in this study points to a clinically serious implication that the intrinsic tissue contrast may not be represented correctly when low refocusing pulses without satisfying the Hahn spin echo condition are used in T1-weighted MRI.
We wanted to investigate this situation with a simple, direct experiment as follows: applying a spin echo-based T1-weighted imaging that is fully compliant with the Hahn spin echo condition to macromolecule free tissue pairs with single and multislice options to test potential contrast loss as the refocusing angles are lowered, and a high field MR system is employed.
Although it is a common practice in high-field clinical MRI to manage RF heating by adopting low angle refocusing pulses, this work demonstrates a direct relationship between such deviations from the Hahn spin echo condition and undesirable loss of tissue contrasts affecting diagnostic quality.
One of the probe's key targets has been Titan - a moon that researchers believe may echo the conditions of early Earth.
That echoed the conditions that led to the violence on May 15, the day Palestinians mark as the "nakba," or catastrophe, of Israel's establishment in 1948.
From the overall response of the listeners in terms of mean objective score (MOS), a very satisfactory performance of the proposed method is obtained even under severe echo-generating conditions in noise.
It is shown that the proposed AENC scheme with updating constraints provides a very satisfactory performance in different echo-generating conditions and various levels of SNR in terms of SDR and ERLE.
This echoes the condition of many characters in Peace's novels: you could argue his grand subject is alienation, coupled with profound psychological, social and cultural damage.
The last phrase echoed the condition required by the United Nations Security Council for it to consider intervention, and it appeared to be aimed at the Council debate scheduled for this week on the violence in the Middle East.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com