The emperor and the pope later clashed on ecclesiastical matters.
By 1400 Paris regained cultural leadership as a result of a new synthetic (or international) style in painting and of the initiatives of the university masters in ecclesiastical politics and theology.
Goodhue, a recognized master of ecclesiastical architecture, was firmly a Gothicist, but for Havana developed a Churrigueresque design, a flowery version of the Spanish colonial.
Another cause of division was the popularity of the teachings of John Wycliffe, an English ecclesiastical reformer of the previous century, among the Czech masters and students.
At age six he was made master of the military Order of Aviz; he received an ecclesiastical and military education, probably at Aviz in Alentejo.
The pope also provided him with a collection of canons (ecclesiastical regulations) and letters of recommendation to such important personages as Charles Martel, master of the Frankish kingdom, whose protection was essential to Boniface's success.
The academy was also host to two eye-opening productions of "Hamlet" -- one Eastern-flavored version from the master director Peter Brook, with a high-voltage Adrian Lester in the title role, and John Caird's darkly ecclesiastical take for the Royal National Theater of London, with Simon Russell Beale giving the dramatic performance of the year.
In the north of Europe, licenses to teach were granted by the chancellor, scholasticus, or some other officer of a cathedral church; in the south, it is probable that the guilds of masters (when these came to be formed) were at first free to grant their own licenses, without any ecclesiastical or other supervision.
It's the ecclesiastical Oscars.
There were also ecclesiastical schools.
