To assess the inter-machine reliability of the Biodex System 3 Pro and Cybex Humac Norm Model 770 dynamometers for knee extensor and knee flexor peak torque measurements in isometric, concentric and eccentric tests.
Their low splitting tendency and specific rib geometry developed better bond behaviour in case of eccentric tests, which showed the possibility of a proper prediction of the bonding behaviour of structural components.
Therefore, the current study used a more demanding concentric testing protocol than those used in previous studies, to try to avoid the need for eccentric testing.
The discriminatory benefits of eccentric testing were also demonstrated with over 30% of players identified as imbalanced exclusively on this basis.
While eccentric testing and mixed speed and contraction H/Q ratios have been reported to be more sensitive in detecting imbalances, 31 there is a low risk of discomfort 31 and injury.
31 Based on the parameters that were measured and Crosier's criteria defining preseason muscle imbalance, the player would not be classed as imbalanced though he would have failed to meet the more strict normalisation criteria and was not subjected to eccentric testing.
Aiming at improving the identification of cracking location, this article presents two improvements based on RRTM, namely the restrained eccentric ring test method (RERTM) and the restrained squared eccentric ring test method (RSERTM), in which the specimen geometry is a non-concentric ring for the former and a square with a non-concentric hole inside for the latter.
An eccentric compression test was conducted to investigate the behaviour of tunnel linings under a large compressive axial force (hoop stress) and a relatively small bending moment, which would represent a section at the opposite side of the opening of a tunnel junction.
In addition, the horizontal stiffness of the skeleton curves obtained in the eccentric loading tests is smaller in the eccentricity direction compared to that of the axial loading tests.
Fatigue induced by a soccer-specific treadmill protocol and repeated eccentric isokinetic testing was shown to result in decreasing eccentric torque output, especially at higher testing speeds.
