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The basic division in Ottoman society was the traditional Middle Eastern distinction between a small ruling class of Ottomans (Osmanlı) and a large mass of subjects called rayas (reʿâyâ).
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In a career that included many years covering eastern Europe with distinction, followed by a late shift to domestic social policy, Michael was a journalist with an ever inquiring mind.
The broad visual uniformity of the colour, form and decoration of the plain bowls across the eastern Mediterranean provides little distinction by which to identify centres of production, distribution patterns, or regional traits.
One dialect, that of the Eastern Huasteca, has a distinction between two different plural suffixes for animate and inanimate nouns.
We compare carbonized seeds and charcoal excavated from four Bronze Age settlements in the eastern Mediterranean to infer distinctions in fuel use and the exploitation of woody vegetation amid developing anthropogenic landscapes.
Because the communist regimes of Eastern Europe collapsed in 1989, there was no longer any distinction between the Eastern and Western European departments.
Neanderthal features favour a distinction between western and eastern Neanderthals, with the western populations presenting more derived features than the eastern groups [13], [14].
But the survival of more subtle eastern dialect features like the horse/hoarse distinction, the authors write, may also reflect an emerging "modern northern New Englander identity" untethered to traditional rural culture.
Industrial growth in the cities of eastern Turkey has earned them the distinction of "the Anatolian Tigers".
Regardless, the distinction of the two eastern wolf haplotypes shown in both the control region and ATPase region is indisputable, providing clear evidence for the presence of a North American evolved wolf lineage, distinct from coyotes and grey wolves.
In the case of Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic Christianity, the distinction is crucial at the sacerdotal end but incidental at the monastic end.
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