We chose a treatment duration of 5 minutes for all experiments, since in our previous work, the earliest stimulus-specific effects appeared at this time point [ 11].
In this regard, it has been firmly established that oncogenic mutations in KRAS behave as one of the earliest stimuli for the formation of PanINs.
It was unclear how much of that figure was new spending and how much was included in earlier stimulus packages, like the $50 billion proposal announced in October.
The phaseout of an earlier stimulus program cost the United States an estimated half a percentage point in growth last year, and could further reduce potential gains in 2012.
But the earlier stimulus made a big difference, even if it couldn't erase the impact of the worst financial crisis in decades.
With taxes rising and earlier stimulus programs expiring, there is a danger that a program of fiscal consolidation could tip the economy back into a recession, or near one.
Many more countries, such as Germany, will see budget deficits rise as parts of earlier stimulus packages kick in.Elsewhere tighter budgets are at hand, even in weak economies.
Now many economists and analysts say the recovery needs further assistance, especially given the fallout from global economic problems; some have reduced their projections of economic growth because the earlier stimulus measures have ended or are about to, while Congress and the White House have been cutting spending to reduce deficits.
Mr. Krueger, who first joined the administration amid the recession, helped design other early stimulus proposals, including the "cash for clunkers" rebate for new-car purchasers, the Build America Bonds program to finance infrastructure projects and a credit fund for small businesses.
With all the talk of cuts, it is easy to forget that Germany's budget deficit will widen this year by 1.5-2 1.5-2DP as the delayed effect of earlier stimulus measures comes through.In this section Nip and tuck When markets go wrong Spivvy Careless talk Listing or capsizing?
Expectancy, achieved through verbal instruction, might also be seen as a conditioned stimulus that reactivates earlier stimulus associations.
