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Patients with the earliest case report date within a cluster were regarded as index cases.
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Earliest case reports date back to the 1800s [ 3].
This description likely stems from the earliest case reports of ReA, which largely consisted of STD-related cases.
Using plain radiographs and a cystogram, this earlier case report from 1978 described luminal and possible intramural gas within the bladder and the presence of subcutaneous emphysema in the absence of a possible vesicoenteric fistula.
An earlier case report highlights the advantages of a multiplanar approach during a single shot radial nerve block [ 12].
Treatment with intranasal oxytocin was reported to improve OCD in an early case report [ 35], but two negative randomized, placebo-controlled trials refute this finding [ 36, 37].
The latter finding is in line with the superior efficacy of risperidone for coexisting obsessive compulsive symptoms in TS in the study of Gaffney et al. [ 83] as well as in an earlier case report [ 86].
Using data from NHANES 1999 2004, we confirmed the observation from an earlier case report (Hauser et al. 2004) that urinary concentrations of MBP, the major metabolite of DBP contained in Asacol, are significantly higher among users of mesalamine compared with nonusers.
Despite the limitations in data quality, we also included early case reports and clinical observations to add clinical context.
Early case reports emphasized regression of cancers during naturally acquired virus infections, providing the basis for clinical trials where body fluids containing human or animal viruses were used to transmit infections to cancer patients.
This review details evidence linking the use of PPI therapy to the development of kidney disease, including early case reports of acute interstitial nephritis and subsequent large observational studies of AKI, CKD, and ESRD.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com