Sentence examples for each specimen were calculated from inspiring English sources

The values of hardness changes (HC) and elastic modulus changes (EC) of each specimen were calculated according to the following formula: HC1 represents the percentage change of nanohardness between baseline and after bleaching: {mathrm{HC}}_1 = left({H}_{mathrm{bleaching}}-{H}_{mathrm{baseline}}right)/{H}_{mathrm{baseline}}.

The virus titres expressed as the TCID50 of each specimen were calculated by the Reed Muench method.

(2) From the parameters, the hazard for each specimen was calculated and the specimen's survival curve was determined.

The total amount of antibiotic eluted from each specimen was calculated by summing up data from all time points.

The total current required for each specimen was calculated on the basis of the total steel surface area, using corrosion current density of 2.0 mA/cm2.0

The relation between the specimen curvature and the strain energy due to the residual stress was theoretically investigated and the mode II energy release rate for each specimen was calculated using measured specimen curvature.

The relative dynamic modulus (RDM) for each specimen was calculated from the fundamental transverse frequency using the following equation supplied by Olson Instruments: {text{RDM}},=,frac{{f_{n}^{2} }}{{f_{0}^{2} }} times 100;% (1 where ( f_{0}^ ) is the fundamental transverse frequency measured at zero cycles and ( f_{n}^ ) is the fundamental transverse frequency measured at n cycles.

Number of copies of plus-strand RNA in each specimen was calculated on the standard curve.

The average percentage parenchyma and interstitial staining for each specimen was calculated.

Then, a combined score (0 9) for each specimen was calculated by multiplying the values of these two categories [ 36].

The percentage water content of each specimen was calculated using the equation: ((average wet weight-dry weight)/average wet weight) × 100.