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A 3D finite element model is developed to predict the lateral torsional buckling resistance for each specimen based on the experimentally determined shear and longitudinal elastic moduli.
Beam curvatures, strain in reinforcing bars and shear deformations were determined for each specimen based on experimental measurements to obtain local response quantities.
Using the measured values of τ max and ( f_{ct}^{prime}, ) 12 values of the coefficient η were calculated for each specimen based on Eq. (7a) and listed in Table 1.
The nominal lateral load-carrying capacities (P np and P nn ) of each specimen based on beam flexural strength were evaluated by using the actual material strength obtained from test results, where P np and P nn are the positive and negative nominal lateral load-carrying capacities, respectively.
The basic phenotypic unit was the original 'subspecies' assignment of each specimen based on taxonomy, which were in turn grouped (or synonymised) according to the classifications of Lydekker [16], Allen [17], Best [38], Haltenorth [39] and Grubb [15].
We assigned a panel diagnosis for each specimen based on exact agreement between at least two of the three pathologists.
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Lipid extraction was performed separately for each blood specimen based on a method developed by Folch et al. [ 21].
To do so, we selected a tumour area from each mouse specimen based on H&E staining viewed under × 20 magnification.
A pathologist blinded to the animal grouping evaluated the slides and scored each liver tissue specimen based on the criteria proposed by Knodell, Lee and Brunt [ 25, 37, 38] for steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis.
The two-dimensional surface area of the face of each standardized re-resection margin specimen, based on the two largest dimensions of each standardized re-resection margin specimen (i.e., length and width), was calculated simply using the formula of the two-dimensional area of a rectangle [length·width].
(a) Cattle; Niata specimen based on NHMD-ZMK-MK-1109 NHMD-ZMK-MK-1109 NHMD-ZMK-MK-1109 NHMD-ZMK-MK-1109
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