Sentence examples for each rupture from inspiring English sources
Each rupture segment has been broken or unbroken in historical Nankai Trough earthquakes.
The length of each rupture is predominantly 3 km–5 km, the horizontal spacing between each rupture is approximately 500 m–1 km, and the displacements are at most 10 cm.
Regarding these groups, the displacement of each rupture tends to be located close to the linear surface rupture (e.g., Figs. 4, 5, 7).
The largest up down displacement gap (difference of displacement between both sides of each rupture) of more than 30 cm is found in the southern part of this area.
Preliminary estimations of peak ground acceleration for the historical earthquakes recorded as the turbidites imply that each rupture length of the 1454 and 869 earthquakes was over 200 km.
As for the numerical model size, we typically employed the boundary elements of approximately 10,000 (5000 for the fault, 4000 for the ground surface and 1000 for the absorbed boundaries) as well as 1000 time steps for each rupture event.
Each rupture-force histogram shown on Fig. 2 was adjusted to a maximum of 750 counts on the yy-axis.
A spatial area around each mainshock rupture is selected, and all earthquakes within that region and within 20 km above or below the SLAB1.0 plate interface model (Hayes et al. 2012) are used.
To run XBeach, the incoming wave conditions must be specified on the offshore boundary; to achieve that, we first run COMCOT for each fault rupture model to get the time series of the surface elevation and velocity on this boundary, then interpolate the surface elevation and velocity from COMCOT simulation using the time step and spatial spacing required by XBeach simulations.
Thus, during each membrane rupture event, only a fraction of the intravesicular solute is released before the bilayer reseals, leaving the vesicle hyperosmotic, albeit with a reduced osmotic differential.
During each membrane rupture event, only a fraction of the intravesicular solute (and water) is released before the bilayer reseals leaving the vesicle hyperosmotic with a lower osmotic differential.
