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Each reproduction was then taken to the museum for a side-by-side evaluation.
Errors (mutations) may occur at each reproduction event, at each generation (a round of copies).
Each reproduction event results in the generation of an offspring individual, which inherits the parameters U and T from the selected parent.
For each reproduction system, Δw t data were modelled as a function of the fixed salt regime (sudden, gradual or control) and random replicate population, with linear mixed effects models (LMM) using maximum likelihood methods [ 104].
Post hoc comparisons among salt regimes within each reproduction system were done with Tukey tests and assuming Student t distributions where the degrees of freedom were asymptotically determined, using the lsmeans package in R [ 107].
For each reproduction event, the probability P i that individual i is selected is given by: (1) P i = F i ∑ j F j where F i and F j are the fitness values of individuals i and j.
Similar(52)
Is this why up to $125,000 and six months of labor are spent on each wax reproduction, some of which also bear too vague a resemblance to the familiar images we know so well?
In each model, reproduction system (Trioecy, Monoecy, Androdioecy) is treated as the fixed independent variable.
Determination of these characters in individuals from natural and/or experimental populations has since long been used as an indirect method for estimation of each species reproduction mode [ 14, 17, 18].
Indeed, in sexual reproduction, each parent passes only half of its genome to each of its offspring, which is directly related to the consideration that the cost of sex is two-fold [ 38], as compared to asexual reproduction, where each offspring inherits all of the parent's genome.
At least five stores have sprung up in the last two years dedicated to Cuban memorabilia -- including colorful aluminum glasses ($2.95 each) and reproductions of the 1958 Havana phone book ($29.99 in some stores).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com