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Since "peer review can.[build,] jeopardize or destroy research efforts and careers of innovative investigators" [45, p. 34] and the advancement of scientific knowledge builds essentially on an efficient peer review system [1], the quality of each peer review process in science is of great importance.
Each peer review report was rated using an established Review Quality Instrument (RQI) 12 (table 4).
Hospitals from the intervention group were dichotomised by their implementation proportion (IP) of the recommendations from each peer review (high IP vs low IP).
Hospitals from the intervention group were categorised by the implementation proportion (IP) of recommendations that were given in the final reports of each peer review.
We used the implementation proportion (IP) of all the recommendations given in the final reports of each peer review as a measure for the willingness of a hospital to implement the recommendations and the quality of colorectal cancer care.
Hospitals from the two intervention regions were dichotomised based on their implementation proportion (IP) of recommendations from the final reports of each peer review (high IP vs. low IP).
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Moreover, learning the attitudes of the reviewers and gaining familiarity with each peer-review system builds the ability to write in a manner that takes these factors in to account.
Because most systems track the amount of time an article stays at each stage, electronic peer review also allows publishers to identify bottlenecks.
Mr Obasanjo is one of the chief advocates of the New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD), a plan under which African leaders are supposed to subject each other to "peer review".
However, the research described in this article has not been subjected to each Agency's peer review and policy review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency and no official endorsement should be inferred.
The number of submitted versions of a manuscript varied (median 3, range 2-8), with a median of two peer reviewers (range 1-5) and two review rounds of peer review for each manuscript (range 1-4).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com