Sentence examples for each panel were calculated from inspiring English sources

p-values compared to each parent (Supplementary file 2B ) and p-values for the effect of each mutation in the two respective backgrounds shown in each panel were calculated.

Letters to the left of each panel are calculated parameters for the best fitting.

Theoretical estimates for the rates of relative differentiation for each Y-STR panel were calculated using the formula P k < 0) = 1 − P k = 0) = 1 − e− Nm [Ballantyne et al., 2010], where N represents the number of markers and m represents the average mutation rate of the set of markers obtained from the sampling from the posterior distribution.

From the multienvironment models, best linear unbiased predicted and estimated line values for each inbred of the NCRPIS diversity panel were calculated for mapping, prediction, and correlation (Table S2).

For each quality indicator, the total panel median scores and the level of agreement within the panel were calculated.

Averages and standard deviations of GenCall scores for the 200 SNPs of the ISAG-ICAR recommended panel were calculated and used to calculate the downward Z-value.

A quality index (QI) enumerating adherence to eight best practices, identified a priori by an IAEA expert panel, was calculated for each laboratory.

Global Fst [ 48], the degree of differentiation among the 7 geographic regions represented in the CEPH-HGDP panel, was calculated for each of the 25 SNPs.

The vertical scale at the left of the panel is calculated at the peak sensitivity of each station.

The vertical scale indicated at the left side of the panel is calculated at the peak sensitivity of each station.

For each participant, a combined RR estimate for the 12-SNP panel was calculated by multiplying the RR estimates for all SNPs as described previously [ 11].