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Why? 2 S explains "no" because each individual responds with a pose in the moment, considering only the immediately preceding pose and without reference to future poses.
When no restrictions are placed on the contest technology, the results further demonstrate an "increasing-return-to-scale" property such that each individual responds to a proportional increase in the number of contestants and the number of each prize by increasing individual effort.
Under these assumptions, each individual responds to its effective canopy height Z*+Vbias,j, but Z* retains two absolute definitions: Z* is the height that any tree must exceed to be classed as a canopy tree, and Z* is the height that any foliage must exceed to count as exposed.
The risks under these dichotomous exposure conditions are given in Figure 3B; each individual responds according to the type 2 pattern.
Such an adaptive response can occur if each individual responds so as to maintain their level of fitness (i.e. adaptation through phenotypic plasticity) or if individuals with certain genotypes (e.g. earlier breeders) experience higher fitness and thus contribute a greater proportion of surviving young (i.e. adaptation through microevolution).
13 For that reason, in some cases, knowing more about each individual and how each individual responds to the different variables that are manipulated in an experimental setting can be more valuable than knowing about the general findings across a larger group of persons.
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The level at which each individual responded correctly to 80% of the problems was selected for the testing procedure.
This variable is influenced by how rapidly each individual responded to the questionnaire, and was included as a covariate in the regression models described below.
This model is usually considered deterministic, where each individual always responds according to their type.
In this manner, we ensure that each individual cell responds in a mechanically correct way to the electrical stimulus.
Calculated rationality obtains when an individual responds effectively to her environment via deliberative calculation.
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