Moreover, the use of this system in the design of concrete structures will bring about significant economic benefits (e.g., reductions in time and costs) and produce high-performance structures.
Unlike other HIV-preventive interventions, the Mujer Segura intervention showed efficacy beyond intermediate endpoints (e.g., reductions in reported unprotected sex acts) in reducing HIV incidence among FSWs in community trials in two Mexican border cities [26].
Such qualitative terms and qualitative measures of protection (e.g., reductions in disease and death) provide only a crude basis for estimating the potency of HSV-2 vaccine candidates.
This would translate to an approximately 10%to15%5% difference in the outcomes for any behavioral outcome (e.g., reductions in AOD use, number of instances of unprotected sex).
Other GHG mitigating actions present fewer environmental trade-offs (e.g., reductions in aircraft weight can decrease CO2 emissions and simultaneously improve local air quality).
Several key time-varying elements of mitigation policies must be made explicit, such as the time course for intervention implementation (e.g., low-emission cookstoves) and associated exposure changes (e.g., reductions in household air pollution).
Claiming that a BN represents causality is tempting because not only does a causal BN provide mechanistic insight into a system but it allows the effect of interventions (e.g., reductions in exposure, drug treatments) to be correctly predicted.
Thus, we believe that potential reductions in cardiovascular mortality are likely related to reductions in palm oil consumption, increasing use of healthier, culturally-acceptable, affordable and available substitute oils, and other changes in the epidemiologic environment (e.g., reductions in smoking).
There may still be sound reasons for using drugs which target transmission stages (e.g. reductions in infectiousness, reducing case incidence, or an incidental side-effect of high lethality against blood stages), but resistance management is not one of them.
This work serves as a basis for future studies designed to address physiological compensation in seagrasses and the ability of coastal macrophytes to respond to environmental change (e.g. reductions in light availability).
Extending the cost analysis to the societal perspective would include net resource costs: (1) the intervention costs described above; (2) cost savings for neonatal intensive care, chronic medical conditions, and acute conditions during the first year of life; and (3) cost savings for maternal health care (e. g., reductions in lifetime medical expenditures for cardiovascular and lung diseases).
