Since the sequence alignments have E values very close to zero across the three Frankia strains, it is probable that these proteins carry out novel functions, perhaps governing the interactions with host plants.
The cost of sending e-mail is close to zero.
Using the geodesic metric definitions in Equations (1)–(5), we define three energy terms E E (k), E I (k) and E C (k), (7) (8) (9) The overall energy function for the discrete deformable curve has the following form (10) We note that the deforming-step is a local search around the optimal skeleton, thus we can reasonably assume E I (k)+ E C (k) is close to zero.
Since p2 + p + 1 > > c, so E(s) is very close to zero or, in other words, the number of links that get exposed is small when less than c ( c + 1 ) 2 number of nodes are captured.
Given all other parameters, therefore, we can construct an example in which e h is arbitrarily close to zero (as in Fig. 3), ensuring that (14) will be positive except when γ is very small.
Applying this approach, A. thaliana's N e s estimates for pooled TEs were not significantly different from zero, and individual TEs pooled across populations also yielded N e s estimates very close to zero (Fig. 5; SI Table 1).
For the remaining lineages of the phylogeny the maximum-likelihood estimates of 4 N e s are either close to zero or even negative, although none of these estimates are significantly different from zero (Table 3).
For the high-m ULF mode with frequency ω ≪ k⊥A, where k⊥ is the perpendicular component of the wave vector, the sum of the plasma and magnetic pressure perturbations is close to zero, (e.g., Pokhotelov et al., 2000b), which presumes a nonzero compressional magnetic field component.
One could use a default value very close to zero (e.g. 10-20) to avoid this problem.
