Cattle animal class (e.g., calves, cows, heifers, steers) were adjusted with the space-time scan statistic by stratifying on the variable within the case file.
However, the decline in S-vit E at calving may also be explained by a decreased serum lipoprotein concentration at this time [ 7].
Condemnation rates were calculated by dividing the total number of pairs of lungs condemned under the pneumonic lung classification each month by the total number of slaughtered bovines for each animal class (e.g., calves, cows, heifers and steers).
Difficult calving is normally more common in connection with the birth of male calves (e.g. [ 25]).
Cross-transmission by contact between humans and pigs or veal calves led to the classification of persons occupationally exposed to pigs or veal calves, e. g. farmers, veterinarians and slaughterhouse staff as high risk population for the carriage of MRSA CC398 [ 14, 15].
Debates regarding the treatment of livestock (e.g., raising calves for veal, burning off the beaks of chickens, etc)., management of wild animals (e.g., killing wolves to protect livestock, killing deer in response to their overpopulation, etc)., and the creation and design of zoos rest, in part, on the moral status of domesticated and wild animals.
Similar findings have been observed in other animal models such as RSV infection (e.g. calves) in which depletion of CD8+ T cells delays viral clearance.
Even for traits with low heritability and lower general predictive performance (e.g. calving ease traits), weighted G still yielded a gain in accuracy.
Low plasma vit E levels around calving may be influenced by redistribution of vit E to colostrum or other physiological factors [ 16], but the rise in vit E after calving may also be related to a higher intake of feed with a good vit E content in the postpartum period.
In support for this, increased blood levels of haptoglobin, SAA and fibrinogen were detected during viral and/or bacterial respiratory infections in calves (e.g. [ 7, 11]).
Results reported in Saatchi et al. [ 44] demonstrate that the marker-based heritability of routinely recorded traits (e.g. calving ease) of American Angus beef cattle was sometimes lower than the value of the pedigree-based heritability.
