The most commonly accepted pathogenetic hypothesis is that the dosage imbalance of genes on HSA21 is responsible for the molecular dysfunctions in DS, meaning that genes on the triplicated chromosome are overexpressed due to an extra chromosome 21, as demonstrated for selected genes like SOD1 and DYRK1A [ 8].
The report said that more than half of those were classified as "psychogenic", meaning the dysfunction was related to psychiatric rather than physical causes.
What is complicated is that each of these topics quickly leads to the broader problems facing Guatemala and Central America, including sharp inequalities and exclusion of many groups from education and employment, gang violence and drugs, and perhaps most of all, deep-seated poor governance, meaning political dysfunction, inefficiency, and deeply embedded corrupt practices.
Concussion involves diffuse (as opposed to focal) brain injury, meaning that the dysfunction occurs over a widespread area of the brain rather than in a particular spot.
Too often, the pressure in Washington is from interest groups and activists and political consultants who are, perhaps without meaning to, pushing towards further dysfunction.
For example, nystagmus (code 379.50), a known symptom of cerebellar dysfunction, has a relative risk of 25.1, meaning this diagnosis is 25.1 times more likely in a patient also diagnosed with ataxia.
He deplored the current state of gridlock inside Congress and demanded that his former colleagues not "spread this dysfunction" from Capitol Hill to the high court, meaning that different laws could apply in different parts of the country.
When this goes on for a long time, these muscles related to urinating become "over trained", meaning that the muscles relax poorly, leading to bladder dysfunction like incontinence.
However, long-term risks of death and renal dysfunction are poorly understood and few studies exclude patients with pre-existing renal disease, meaning outcome for de novo AKI has been difficult to elicit.
