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Using detailed analysis of the actin protrusions formed by the macrophages, the authors show that inactivation of Ena results in the formation of stable protrusions, whereas Ena overexpression results in very dynamic protrusions, revealing that Ena is a key regulator of lamellipodial dynamics in Drosophila macrophages, as has been observed for fibroblasts in vitro.
LT-exposed cells displayed randomly oriented, highly dynamic protrusions, polarization defects and impaired cell migration.
Dendritic filopodia are dynamic protrusions that are thought to play an active role in synaptogenesis and serve as precursors to spine synapses.
Adhesive complexes are disassembled at the rear and at the base of dynamic protrusions [ 4] in polarized migrating cells.
In D. discoideum, the actin-binding protein LimE is associated with polymerizing actin and in particular with dynamic protrusions.
Dynacortin localizes to the cortex and is especially enriched in dynamic protrusions built by the actin cytoskeleton, such as pseudopodia, lamellipodia, and phagocytic cups [ 8, 9].
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Cell migration is associated with the dynamic protrusion of a thin actin-based cytoskeletal extension at the cell front, which has been shown to consist of two different substructures, the leading lamellipodium and the subsequent lamellum.
Tip Cells Exhibit Dynamic Protrusive Membrane Activity, Related to Figure 1 Anterior tip cells extend and retract membrane protrusions (arrows).
In ALCL cells invading 3D-Matrigel, NPM ALK transformation led to the formation of dynamic membrane protrusions around the cellular body, which display polarized motile actin-rich membrane protrusions towards a SDF1α gradient.
By contrast, xanthophores are large, flat, relatively static cells that display dynamic membrane protrusions, and hence are suitable for analysis of actin dynamics.
Uptake of fluid by macropinocytosis requires the formation of dynamic membrane protrusions.
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