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When a large gas slug is formed in the channel, the bursting slug will be energetic due to the effect of dynamic pressurization near the surface of the liquid (James et al. 2009).
Dynamic pressurization has long been known to increase cell biosynthesis including increasing IVD cell metabolism [ 21, 37].
Results suggest that NCs differentiate into SNPCs under dynamic pressurization conditions and differentiation is greater when the cells are subjected to daily load.
Daily dynamic pressurization significantly increased metabolic activity in NP tissue compared with the 1 Dose and Control groups in this study.
This is the first study to show that daily dynamic pressurization of porcine NP tissue in an ex vivo culture model induces NP tissue maturation with transition from a NC-rich to SNPC-rich tissue and increased proteoglycan accumulation.
We introduce a new conceptual model of maturation and painful IVD degeneration in which dynamic pressurization induces maturation of NP tissue, differentiation of NCs to SNPCs, and maintenance of developmental patterning and neurovascular inhibiting factors (SHH, Sema3A and Noggin).
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The pressure and the work generated by the diaphragm, rib cage and abdominal muscles were determined using dynamic pressure-volume loops in the various phases of each respiratory cycle: pre-triggering, post-triggering with the patient's effort combining with the action of the ventilator, pressurization and expiration.
NP tissue maturation was induced from dynamic hydrostatic pressurization in a controlled ex vivo environment without influence from systemic effects or surrounding structures.
The first objective of this study is to initiate and characterize the cell and matrix changes associated with transition of NP tissue from one rich in NCs to one populated largely by SNPCs using dynamic hydrostatic pressurization in a controlled ex vivo organ culture model.
While static loading in vivo has been shown to induce changes associated with NC and maturation in the rabbit IVD, we suggest that dynamic hydrostatic pressurization is a more physiological load to study such cellular transitions since it can enhance biosynthesis, metabolism and also increase the expression of bioactive factors.
This study demonstrated that exposure of NC-rich NP tissue to daily dynamic hydrostatic pressurization in an ex vivo culture model induced changes representative of maturation of the IVD with a decreased percentage of NCs and increased GAG-rich matrix accumulation.
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