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For describing the physical environment we use measurements of temperature, salinity and density, of mixed-layer turbulence parameters, of dynamic heights and horizontal current vectors, and of flow trajectories obtained from surface drifters and submerged floats.
Ten-day sea level anomalies (SLA) charts, based on the TOPEX/Poseidon (T/P) altimetry data for 1992 2003, as well as corresponding charts of sea surface dynamic heights constructed by the superposition of SLA distributions over the climatic dynamic topography, were used to study main oceanic currents in the region 45°S 20°S, 110°W 70°W.
The contour lines of dynamic heights, and hence, the patterns of currents at the other depths for each of the surveys were similar to the structure at 150 m, however, the magnitude of the velocities monotonously decreased with depth.
The region of hydrographic surveys and moorings of the Polygon-67 expeditions is shown in gray color Fig. 2 Dynamic heights and geostrophic currents at a depth of 150 m based on the data of the first (January 21 February 7 , 1967 (a) and second (March 20 April 6 , 1967 b hydrographic surveys of the Polygon-67 expedition (Koshyakov et al. 1970).
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The surface dynamic height anomaly relative to a given reference pressure level is obtained by vertically integrating inverse density anomalies38.
Comparisons between DH500 values (Dynamic Height Anomaly at 20 dbar relative to 500 dbar), obtained from (a) raw seal data, (b) adjusted seal data, and (c) the World Ocean Database (WOD35).
The 500 dbar reference level is chosen because it approximately maximizes the proportion of data considered in the dynamic height calculation, as determined by the product of the reference depth with the number of retained profiles.
Absolute dynamic topography from altimetry data reveals good coherence with the dynamic height from the glider data in the area where there are common observations.
Although ocean currents are generally not negligible at 500 dbar (i.e., around 500 m depth) in the Southern Ocean, the surface dynamic height anomaly relative to 500 dbar gives a good representation of the position and relative magnitude of ocean currents in the Southern Ocean14, because the vertical structure of ocean currents is highly coherent there39.
Here we consider the dynamic height anomaly at 20 dbar relative to 500 dbar (here denoted as DH500) to validate the seal database, comparing its spatial distribution based on raw and adjusted seal data with the distribution obtained using hydrographic profiles present in the World Ocean Database (WOD) for the period 2000 to 2013 (ref. 35).
A dynamic height rise from July to September (in 70 days) of about 3 7 cm reflects the seasonal cycle of sea level due mainly to thermosteric expansion of the water column.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com